f + s = 52
f = 52 - s ........... Eq. 1
s = f - 24 ........... Eq. 2
Sub 52 - s from Eq. 1 for f in Eq. 2:
s = (52 - s) - 24
s = 52 - s - 24
s + s = 28
2s = 28
s = 28 / 2
s = 14
and
f = 52 - 14
f = 38
The father is 38 and the son is 14.
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