Let's say there was another sun from the opposite direction from our existing sun, the same distance from our normal sun, and size. how would that affect earth?
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This is a nonsensical question as you have stated it. How would another sun be "on the other side" of ours?
You do realize that we orbit the sun right? So where would this other sun be in the solar system? If it was further out (like around Mars or Jupiter) then there are some things to consider:
1) It's mass was insignificant compared to the central sun's. In this case it's unlikely it could even be a star, but basically nothing would change.
2) It was the same or essentially the same as our sun. In this case, your premise no longer makes any kind of sense. If this were the case then the two suns would orbit each other around an imaginary center (between the two stars). There is absolutely NO WAY any planets could sustain a stable orbit that was anywhere inside the orbit of the two suns. Going between the two stars would likely eject the planet from the solar system.
It seems unlikely to me that a binary system could sustain life. I think it's possible to have stable planetary orbits but the problem is that they would have to be far away from the two stars. Much too far away for the planet to have liquid water. You would just see two small suns in the sky which were always very close to each other. Their relative positions probably wouldn't be observable over a period of a few days, but over the course of the year their orientations would change as the suns themselves orbit each other and as the planet moved around the two orbiting stars.
You do realize that we orbit the sun right? So where would this other sun be in the solar system? If it was further out (like around Mars or Jupiter) then there are some things to consider:
1) It's mass was insignificant compared to the central sun's. In this case it's unlikely it could even be a star, but basically nothing would change.
2) It was the same or essentially the same as our sun. In this case, your premise no longer makes any kind of sense. If this were the case then the two suns would orbit each other around an imaginary center (between the two stars). There is absolutely NO WAY any planets could sustain a stable orbit that was anywhere inside the orbit of the two suns. Going between the two stars would likely eject the planet from the solar system.
It seems unlikely to me that a binary system could sustain life. I think it's possible to have stable planetary orbits but the problem is that they would have to be far away from the two stars. Much too far away for the planet to have liquid water. You would just see two small suns in the sky which were always very close to each other. Their relative positions probably wouldn't be observable over a period of a few days, but over the course of the year their orientations would change as the suns themselves orbit each other and as the planet moved around the two orbiting stars.
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Well the gravity from the sun atm is constantly pulling us towards it and it's estimated in billions of years we will be pulled into it.... If there's one coming from the opposite direction, I'm guessing the graviatational force will be equal so we won't be pulled into the sun and be killed in billions of years.....
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A bigger concern would be that the two Suns would orbit a common point on our current orbit and the Earth's orbit would be chaotic to a point of unpredictability. I can't see life evolving on such an Earth.