Heliocentric over Geocentric model

Copernicus, Tycho, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton are the key figures in the over throw of the geocentric model for the heliocentric model of the solar system. What did each one do and why did it take a team effort?

Thanks I have a midterm tm and cant get this one.

Copernicus first proposed it

Tycho Brahe gathered data that would eventually support it

Kepler used Tycho Brahe's data to generate three observational laws of what the planetary motion should be

Galileo discovered two key observations that could not be possible in geocentrism. Namely, the fact that Venus exhibits illumination phases, some greater than half illuminated. Also the fact that Jupiter has four bodies (discovered by Galileo), which definitely orbit Jupiter (something other than Earth), meaning that part of the universe must be Jovecentric instead of Geocentric.

Newton conceived of three generalized laws of all motion, and a quantitative explanation of the force of gravity (law of gravitation), all of which govern the planetary motion. Prior to Newton, people could talk about what the planets do, but they couldn't talk about HOW or WHY the planets do it. They could describe planetary kinematics, but they couldn't talk about forces causing these kinematics.

The geocentric model was developed thousands of years ago by Greek philosophers and was the accepted model of the Solar System for centuries. Geocentric actually means earth centered. This model is also called the Ptolemaic system in honor of the Greek scientist and philosopher Claudius Ptolemy, although the thory was around years before him. The geocentric model places the Earth at the center of the universe with the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets circling it.

The heliocentric model, which means sun centered, gradually replaced the geocentric model. This new system places the Sun at the center of the Solar System with the Earth and all the other planets orbiting it. This theory revolutionized everything because it reversed centuries of established opinion. Although the idea of a heliocentric model had been around as early as 200 B.C., it did not gain popularity until the 16th century.