I assume you're talking about the entire universe, that is, what we can and cannot see due to light only travelling 45.7 billion light years since the big bang (radius of observable universe - what we can see).
Inflation is the idea that, when the big bang occurred, the universe expanded exponentially for a certain period of time, and the universe today is still expanding.
As far as we know, the universe that we are in is infinite, and we know it is still expanding. We do not know or have proof of any other universes (multiverses) and hence can assume that this universe is the only one.
Therefore, there is no "outside" the universe, for this is the only one we know, and is infinite.
So to answer your question, no, there are no `planets outside the universe`.
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Well, there's the multi-verse theory that would say that yes, planets may exist outside our universe. But we just don't know enough to answer that question with total confidence yet.
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Assuming the universe is infinite, how can there be things outside it if it's infinite? So I believe that planets exist outside our SOLAR SYSTEM (exoplanets), but not the universe
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Planets inhabit the universe. The universe applies to all galaxies and all matter that inhabits it. Another term for universe is Cosmos. I assume you meant to say galaxy. Yes, there are planets in other galaxies, like in Andromeda.
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Universe is a notion (of convenience) that we humans have put in, so as to include everything there is. Hence there can be nothing that is "outside the universe".
It is not about an actual thing that you can't do a thing about. One can do so much in thinking if he can manage or handle that thing. So we are in fact, in the field of human "NAMING" of things. That is the one thing that humans have been doing all along through out his Sapient existence.