What are the two types of amylase inhabitors? What functions do the have ??
-
Well, there are two types of starches so amylase inhibitors, which prevent the breakdown of starches to simple glucose for uptake into the cells by inhibiting the actions of the enzymes that break the bonds between the linked glucose molecules in the starches (amylases=starch-breaking enzymes), are specific for either animal starch (glycogen) or plant starch (cellulose). Both of these molecules are made from long chains of glucose molecules linked together chemically. The difference is in the shape of the bonds that hold the glucose molecules together. If you look up the chemical structures of glycogen and cellulose, you'll see. I can't draw them for you here, unfortunately.
There are actually several substances that can do this, but there are only two basic types of these inhibitory substances: those that inhibit enzymes that break down animal starch and those that inhibit enzymes that break down plant starch.
Neither starch can be absorbed into cells without being broken down into simple glucose first, and no animal has the ability to break down cellulose. Herbivores (animals that eat only plant matter) have microorganisms in their intestines that can do this, so they live in a mutually beneficial environment in the digestive systems of the herbivores; each organism can get the nutrients from cellulose this way.
Omnivores and carnivores, such as human beings and any animal that only eats meat, cannot, which is why plant material is called 'roughage' in our systems. It helps move undigested material along, keeps our colons healthy, but we cannot absorb any nutrients from the cellulose. We get various vitamins, sugars and other nutrients from fruits and vegetables, but no absorption of glucose from cellulose.
So, in general, there are cellulose amylase inhibitors and glycogen amylase inhibitors, which prevent the breakdown of each type of starch into individual glucose molecules.
There are actually several substances that can do this, but there are only two basic types of these inhibitory substances: those that inhibit enzymes that break down animal starch and those that inhibit enzymes that break down plant starch.
Neither starch can be absorbed into cells without being broken down into simple glucose first, and no animal has the ability to break down cellulose. Herbivores (animals that eat only plant matter) have microorganisms in their intestines that can do this, so they live in a mutually beneficial environment in the digestive systems of the herbivores; each organism can get the nutrients from cellulose this way.
Omnivores and carnivores, such as human beings and any animal that only eats meat, cannot, which is why plant material is called 'roughage' in our systems. It helps move undigested material along, keeps our colons healthy, but we cannot absorb any nutrients from the cellulose. We get various vitamins, sugars and other nutrients from fruits and vegetables, but no absorption of glucose from cellulose.
So, in general, there are cellulose amylase inhibitors and glycogen amylase inhibitors, which prevent the breakdown of each type of starch into individual glucose molecules.