I took a quiz in my biology class recently and when I received the correct answers, I was unsure of why they were correct.
1) What are the chances that a heterozygous blue-eyed male and a female could have a daughter with blue eyes? Correct Answer: 1/8... How'd they get this?
2) Which of the following (mRNA, tRNA, DNA, rRNA) is attached to a specific Amino Acid? Correct Answer: tRNA. Why, what do each of the RNA's do? I know it wasn't DNA. Can someone describe the differences in the 3RNA types?
Matching Section: Correct Answer in parenthesis
A) Translation
B) Transcription
C) Semi-Conservative Method
1) DNA is Doubled (C)
2) Amino Acids are bonded together (A)
3) RNA is synthesized (B)
4) Codons attract Anticodons (A)
5) Adenine attracts Uracil (B)
What do each of these three things do? I believe the semiconservative method is when DNA is doubled, half old and half new strands, right?
1) What are the chances that a heterozygous blue-eyed male and a female could have a daughter with blue eyes? Correct Answer: 1/8... How'd they get this?
2) Which of the following (mRNA, tRNA, DNA, rRNA) is attached to a specific Amino Acid? Correct Answer: tRNA. Why, what do each of the RNA's do? I know it wasn't DNA. Can someone describe the differences in the 3RNA types?
Matching Section: Correct Answer in parenthesis
A) Translation
B) Transcription
C) Semi-Conservative Method
1) DNA is Doubled (C)
2) Amino Acids are bonded together (A)
3) RNA is synthesized (B)
4) Codons attract Anticodons (A)
5) Adenine attracts Uracil (B)
What do each of these three things do? I believe the semiconservative method is when DNA is doubled, half old and half new strands, right?
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1) Well according to the question, blue eye must be dominant if the man is heterozygous and has blue eyes, therefore he is Bb, and the dominant B allele gives him blue eyes The female could be a number of genotpyes because the question is vague. Either way there is no way to spin it to get 1/8 of offspring with blue eyes, it is either 1/2 or all children depending on if the mother has blue eyes or not. There is no way a dominant allele can give rise to a 1/8 result.
2) Each tRNA molecule is associated with an amino acid, each tRNA recognises a codon in mRNA, thus bringing a specific amino acid to a specific mRNA codon.
mRNA is messenger RNA, it is a copy of DNA that is synthesised in the nucleus. mRNA then travels out of the nucleus to a ribosome where it is read and the relevant tRNAs and therefore amino acids can be used.
rRNA is what ribosomes are made of, it stands for ribosomal RNA.
3) Semi conservative replication is the model for DNA replication. In essence the two strands that make up the double helix of DNA are unwound. You now have 2 single strands of DNA. Now if you use these strands as templates (because C matches G and A matches T) and add the complimentary bases to them then you end up with two double strands, both identical to the original strand.
Transcription is the process of synthesising mRNA by using a DNA template. mRNA is different from DNA in several ways, most notably T (thymine) is replaced by U (uracil).
Translation is the processing of mRNA transcripts into polypeptide chains by recruiting tRNAs with the relevant amino acids. The mRNA codes for the sequence of the amino acids, the amino acids are then bonded to form a polypeptide chain.
2) Each tRNA molecule is associated with an amino acid, each tRNA recognises a codon in mRNA, thus bringing a specific amino acid to a specific mRNA codon.
mRNA is messenger RNA, it is a copy of DNA that is synthesised in the nucleus. mRNA then travels out of the nucleus to a ribosome where it is read and the relevant tRNAs and therefore amino acids can be used.
rRNA is what ribosomes are made of, it stands for ribosomal RNA.
3) Semi conservative replication is the model for DNA replication. In essence the two strands that make up the double helix of DNA are unwound. You now have 2 single strands of DNA. Now if you use these strands as templates (because C matches G and A matches T) and add the complimentary bases to them then you end up with two double strands, both identical to the original strand.
Transcription is the process of synthesising mRNA by using a DNA template. mRNA is different from DNA in several ways, most notably T (thymine) is replaced by U (uracil).
Translation is the processing of mRNA transcripts into polypeptide chains by recruiting tRNAs with the relevant amino acids. The mRNA codes for the sequence of the amino acids, the amino acids are then bonded to form a polypeptide chain.