(3) Better telescopes in this price range? Not really - a few that are essentially the same (different manufacturers) - but for what you get with this, you have a hard dtime beating the price. I strongly *dis*-recommend getting any computer-driven/motorized telescope if you are reasonably fit and in your first year or two of the hobby.
(4) The moon will be a bit of a problem - you will quickly discover that it can be physically painful to look at the moon - it will be *very* bright. Even using a ''moon filter'' may not dim the light enough on some very bright full moons.
(5) It's a Newtonian reflector OTA (optical tube assembly) on a dobsonian mount. These are so common, that they are usually just referred to as ''dobs''.
As others note - it is *strongly* recommended that you try to find a local astronomy club to help you as you get started - it is a lot more fun when you can see what some of the others in the hobby are doing.
It is also recommended that you start a 'field-kit' with:
A pair of fairly decent binoculars (10 x 50 are almost a standard)
At least one decent star atlas (I have a few - but most often use Peterson's Field Guide to Stars & Planets)
At least one flashlight with the lens reddened (usually with some nail-polish or such ...)
And such other items as you figure yout you may want to have when observing (a pad to put on the ground and kneel on when needed, or a jacket with some snacks for cool nights, or...)
Make contacts with folks out in rural areas that have pasture land or lakefront property - dark sky locations with few/no trees and low horizons are some of the best things in life...