1) Carbon Dioxide levels in the blood and fluid affect its pH. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance in gas levels as
A) the brain directly measures and monitors CO2 and causes breathing chances
B) the medulla monitors pH and uses this to measure control breathing
C) the brain alters the pH of the fluid to force the animal to retain more or less CO2
D) stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla to speed up or slow breathing
E) the medulla is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in blood.
I think this one is either A or C
2) A key part of the hum oral immune response is
A) the attack of cytotoxic T
B) the production of antibodies by plasma cells
C) perforation of infected host cells
D) the attack of phagocytes
E) the initiation of cell death
I think this one is B
3) Hypoglycemia or low levels of glucose in the blood of a heathy human is corrected by
A) increase in secretion of insulin
B) increase in secretion of glucagon
C) increase in secretion of both insulin and glucagon
D) decrease in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon
E) increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones
I'm not sure with this one
4) Jim was exploring the woods behind his new house. His first adventure included exposure to poison ivy without any reaction. A month later though, a second walk through the woods was not so great since two days later Jim had a terrible rash. The fact that the rash took two days to develop indicates that this immune response was an example of
A) humoral immunity
B) cell-mediated immunity
C) innate immunity
D) the activation of Toll-like receptors
E) the activation of the complement system
I think it might be E
A) the brain directly measures and monitors CO2 and causes breathing chances
B) the medulla monitors pH and uses this to measure control breathing
C) the brain alters the pH of the fluid to force the animal to retain more or less CO2
D) stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla to speed up or slow breathing
E) the medulla is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in blood.
I think this one is either A or C
2) A key part of the hum oral immune response is
A) the attack of cytotoxic T
B) the production of antibodies by plasma cells
C) perforation of infected host cells
D) the attack of phagocytes
E) the initiation of cell death
I think this one is B
3) Hypoglycemia or low levels of glucose in the blood of a heathy human is corrected by
A) increase in secretion of insulin
B) increase in secretion of glucagon
C) increase in secretion of both insulin and glucagon
D) decrease in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon
E) increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones
I'm not sure with this one
4) Jim was exploring the woods behind his new house. His first adventure included exposure to poison ivy without any reaction. A month later though, a second walk through the woods was not so great since two days later Jim had a terrible rash. The fact that the rash took two days to develop indicates that this immune response was an example of
A) humoral immunity
B) cell-mediated immunity
C) innate immunity
D) the activation of Toll-like receptors
E) the activation of the complement system
I think it might be E
-
A)
B)
C) - I say C because in a healthy human BOTH of this hormones are released. Glucagon is released FIRST, to stimulate the liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose, but then this releases MILLIONS of molecule of glucose pp, therefore then in a HEALTHY human insulin is then also increased to regulate this spike in glucose.
E
B)
C) - I say C because in a healthy human BOTH of this hormones are released. Glucagon is released FIRST, to stimulate the liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose, but then this releases MILLIONS of molecule of glucose pp, therefore then in a HEALTHY human insulin is then also increased to regulate this spike in glucose.
E
-
1. it's either A or B since the medulla monitors CO2 levels and pH.
it's not C, what changes pH in our bodies is the level of respiration and the foods we eat/drink. CO2 regulation is monitored by the medulla, the carotid arteries, pH, CSF pH, etc.
2. B
3. B
4. E, innate immunity occurs within seconds to hours of recognition.
it's not C, what changes pH in our bodies is the level of respiration and the foods we eat/drink. CO2 regulation is monitored by the medulla, the carotid arteries, pH, CSF pH, etc.
2. B
3. B
4. E, innate immunity occurs within seconds to hours of recognition.