whats the function of an embryonic, adult and induced pluripotent stem cells?
I am completely confused about the differences between all of them. Could you tell me whats the difference and function of them
I am completely confused about the differences between all of them. Could you tell me whats the difference and function of them
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Embryonic stem cells are those that, well, come from an embryo. They are usually taken from the ICM (inner cell mass) of the blastocyst. An ICM cell is pluripotent, and can form all the various cell types of an adult (but not the trophoblast - which is not part of the embryo proper).
Adult stem cells are cells that exist naturally in adults and can divide, producing two cells that have different fates: one of the cells remains in the area and remains a stem cell whereas the other cell leaves and differentiates into a particular cell type. Typically, adult stem cells a multipotent - they can form more than one type of cell, but not all types of cells of the body. For example, hematopoietic stem cells can form granulocytes, platelets, and red blood cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are normal adult body cells that have been 'reprogrammed' to become pluripotent embryonic stem cells. It was found that manipulating just four genes allows differentiated, adult cells to be restored to pluripotent state -- or so it was thought. It has been found that the cells do "remember" their previous differentiated state to some degree, so iPS cells are not equivalent to true embryonic stem cells.
Adult stem cells are cells that exist naturally in adults and can divide, producing two cells that have different fates: one of the cells remains in the area and remains a stem cell whereas the other cell leaves and differentiates into a particular cell type. Typically, adult stem cells a multipotent - they can form more than one type of cell, but not all types of cells of the body. For example, hematopoietic stem cells can form granulocytes, platelets, and red blood cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are normal adult body cells that have been 'reprogrammed' to become pluripotent embryonic stem cells. It was found that manipulating just four genes allows differentiated, adult cells to be restored to pluripotent state -- or so it was thought. It has been found that the cells do "remember" their previous differentiated state to some degree, so iPS cells are not equivalent to true embryonic stem cells.