Prove that the difference of any irrational number and any rational number is irrational.
Can someone please help me with this proof? Thanks.
Can someone please help me with this proof? Thanks.
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Let x be an irrational number and let y be a rational number.
Then we can express y in terms of the integers p and q such that
y = p/q
Further, because x is irrational, there exist NO integers r and s such that x = r/s
Now suppose that there exist two integers m and n such that
x - y = m/n
That is
x - p/q = m/n =>
x = (m/n) + (p/q) = (mq + np)/nq
= r/s
where, since the set of integers is closed under addition, subtraction and multiplication,
r = (mq + np) and s = nq are integers
This implies that x is a rational number. A contradiction.
Hence, the difference between an irrational number and a rational number must be an irrational number.
Corollary: The addition of an irrational number and a rational number is irrational.
Then we can express y in terms of the integers p and q such that
y = p/q
Further, because x is irrational, there exist NO integers r and s such that x = r/s
Now suppose that there exist two integers m and n such that
x - y = m/n
That is
x - p/q = m/n =>
x = (m/n) + (p/q) = (mq + np)/nq
= r/s
where, since the set of integers is closed under addition, subtraction and multiplication,
r = (mq + np) and s = nq are integers
This implies that x is a rational number. A contradiction.
Hence, the difference between an irrational number and a rational number must be an irrational number.
Corollary: The addition of an irrational number and a rational number is irrational.
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Easy.
Suppose you have a number x such that x a rational is a rational. Then
x - a/b = c/d, where a, b, c and d are integers.
Then x = c/d a/b = (cb ad)/(bd), showing that x must be rational. So the difference of an irrational and a rational can't be rational and must be irrational.
Suppose you have a number x such that x a rational is a rational. Then
x - a/b = c/d, where a, b, c and d are integers.
Then x = c/d a/b = (cb ad)/(bd), showing that x must be rational. So the difference of an irrational and a rational can't be rational and must be irrational.