(x^4+7x^3-7x^2-43x+42)/(x^2+3x-4)
Zeroes
Y INT
MAxima and Minima
Increasing and Decreasing Intervals
End behavior (written in limit notation)
Continuity
Heavior at any discontinuity (written in limit notation
Zeroes
Y INT
MAxima and Minima
Increasing and Decreasing Intervals
End behavior (written in limit notation)
Continuity
Heavior at any discontinuity (written in limit notation
-
First, factor the numerator and the denominator.
The denominator factors as (x + 4)(x - 1).
Next, note that x = 1 is a zero of the numerator.
==> x^4 + 7x^3 - 7x^2 - 43x + 42 = (x - 1)(x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42).
So, f(x) = (x - 1)(x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42) / [(x + 4)(x - 1)].
**First of all, we have a hole (removable discontinuity) at x = 1.
The y-value there is given by (x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42) / (x + 4) {at x = 1} = -32/5.
--------------------
Hereafter, we'll work with
f(x) = (x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42)/(x + 4), with x ≠ 1.
(i) Zeros.
By the Rational Root Theorem, any rational zero of x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42
must be a factor of -42.
By inspection, we find that x = 2 is a factor.
==> x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42 = (x - 2)(x^2 + 10x + 21), by long/synthetic division
==> x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42 = (x - 2)(x + 3)(x + 7).
Hence, the zeros (x-intercepts) are x = 2, -3, -7.
---------------
(ii) y-intercept.
Setting x = 0 yields y = -42/4 = -21/2.
---------------
(iii) Continuity issues.
Remember from above that we have a removable discontinuity/hole at (x, y) = (1, -32/5).
As for any other discontinuities:
By (i), we have f(x) = (x - 2)(x + 3)(x + 7) / (x + 4) with x ≠ 1.
==> We have an infinite discontinuity (vertical asymptote) at x = -4.
Moreover, lim(x→ -4+) f(x) = ∞, and lim(x→ -4-) f(x) = -∞.
In summary, f is continuous for all x ≠ -4, 1.
---------------
(iv) Asymptotes.
From (iii), we know that x = -4 is a vertical asymptote.
As for others, first rewrite f after long division.
f(x) = (x^2 + 4x - 15) + 18/(x + 4).
As x→ ±∞, we have 18/(x + 4) → 0.
Hence, y = x^2 + 4x - 15 is a 'curved' asymptote(!).
The denominator factors as (x + 4)(x - 1).
Next, note that x = 1 is a zero of the numerator.
==> x^4 + 7x^3 - 7x^2 - 43x + 42 = (x - 1)(x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42).
So, f(x) = (x - 1)(x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42) / [(x + 4)(x - 1)].
**First of all, we have a hole (removable discontinuity) at x = 1.
The y-value there is given by (x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42) / (x + 4) {at x = 1} = -32/5.
--------------------
Hereafter, we'll work with
f(x) = (x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42)/(x + 4), with x ≠ 1.
(i) Zeros.
By the Rational Root Theorem, any rational zero of x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42
must be a factor of -42.
By inspection, we find that x = 2 is a factor.
==> x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42 = (x - 2)(x^2 + 10x + 21), by long/synthetic division
==> x^3 + 8x^2 + x - 42 = (x - 2)(x + 3)(x + 7).
Hence, the zeros (x-intercepts) are x = 2, -3, -7.
---------------
(ii) y-intercept.
Setting x = 0 yields y = -42/4 = -21/2.
---------------
(iii) Continuity issues.
Remember from above that we have a removable discontinuity/hole at (x, y) = (1, -32/5).
As for any other discontinuities:
By (i), we have f(x) = (x - 2)(x + 3)(x + 7) / (x + 4) with x ≠ 1.
==> We have an infinite discontinuity (vertical asymptote) at x = -4.
Moreover, lim(x→ -4+) f(x) = ∞, and lim(x→ -4-) f(x) = -∞.
In summary, f is continuous for all x ≠ -4, 1.
---------------
(iv) Asymptotes.
From (iii), we know that x = -4 is a vertical asymptote.
As for others, first rewrite f after long division.
f(x) = (x^2 + 4x - 15) + 18/(x + 4).
As x→ ±∞, we have 18/(x + 4) → 0.
Hence, y = x^2 + 4x - 15 is a 'curved' asymptote(!).
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