I Have this question in my Bio study sheet and I can't find the answer in Google or in Yahoo!!.. Would anyone help me please !?
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From the oxidization of the pyruvate molecule
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The energy comes from the phosphate bonds that are formed during glycolysis.
There are two ATP generating reactions(or steps) in glycolysis:
In the first step, a phosphate is added to glucose by glucokinase(in liver) or by hexokinase(the most of the rest of the body). This step requires ATP. THIS ATP COMES FROM CYTOPLASM, IT IS THE ATP THAT IS PRODUCED BY THE OTHER ENERGY-PRODUCING REACTIONS SUCH AS CITRIC ACID CYCLE AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, FOLLOWED BY CHEMIOSMOSIS. So we are now 0-1. Then, Phosphofructokinase enzyme adds one phosphate, too. Now it is 0-2, but we have two phosphate bonds. Then, at the 4th step, the molecule is split into two, each having one phosphate.
In the 6th step, while NAD+ is converted to NADH, a phosphate is added to each molecule, so now there are two phosphates in each one. THE FREE ENERGY IS USED TO ADD THE PHOSPHATE MOLECULE.
Energy generating reactions:
The 7th step: In this step, 1,3-biphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate. The missing phosphate reveals itself in ATP generated from ADP. From each molecule, 1 ATP is formed, now it is 2-2. And the amount of phosphates in each molecule is now 1. IF YOU ARE ASKING WHERE DOES THE ENERGY COME FROM TO ADD THE PHOSPHATE TO THE BIG MOLECULE AND THEN TO CUT IT FROM THIS MOLECULE, THE ANSWER IS FREE ENERGY. IT IS USED TO GET THE ENERGY REQUIRING THINGS TO BE DONE.
The 10th step: In this step, PEP(phosphoenolpyruvate) is converted to pyruvate. But PEP has a phosphate, and it gives it to produce ATP from ADP. So from each PEP, 1 ATP is produced, now it is 4-2, and the game is over (glycolysis is finished). And the phosphates in each molecule(PEP) is finished, pyruvate.have no phosphate.
The phosphates come from cytoplasm.
There are two ATP generating reactions(or steps) in glycolysis:
In the first step, a phosphate is added to glucose by glucokinase(in liver) or by hexokinase(the most of the rest of the body). This step requires ATP. THIS ATP COMES FROM CYTOPLASM, IT IS THE ATP THAT IS PRODUCED BY THE OTHER ENERGY-PRODUCING REACTIONS SUCH AS CITRIC ACID CYCLE AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, FOLLOWED BY CHEMIOSMOSIS. So we are now 0-1. Then, Phosphofructokinase enzyme adds one phosphate, too. Now it is 0-2, but we have two phosphate bonds. Then, at the 4th step, the molecule is split into two, each having one phosphate.
In the 6th step, while NAD+ is converted to NADH, a phosphate is added to each molecule, so now there are two phosphates in each one. THE FREE ENERGY IS USED TO ADD THE PHOSPHATE MOLECULE.
Energy generating reactions:
The 7th step: In this step, 1,3-biphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate. The missing phosphate reveals itself in ATP generated from ADP. From each molecule, 1 ATP is formed, now it is 2-2. And the amount of phosphates in each molecule is now 1. IF YOU ARE ASKING WHERE DOES THE ENERGY COME FROM TO ADD THE PHOSPHATE TO THE BIG MOLECULE AND THEN TO CUT IT FROM THIS MOLECULE, THE ANSWER IS FREE ENERGY. IT IS USED TO GET THE ENERGY REQUIRING THINGS TO BE DONE.
The 10th step: In this step, PEP(phosphoenolpyruvate) is converted to pyruvate. But PEP has a phosphate, and it gives it to produce ATP from ADP. So from each PEP, 1 ATP is produced, now it is 4-2, and the game is over (glycolysis is finished). And the phosphates in each molecule(PEP) is finished, pyruvate.have no phosphate.
The phosphates come from cytoplasm.