What does absolute temperature mean

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It means the temperature measurements are always positive. For example, the Celsius temperature scale is NOT absolute because it starts from -273˚C, but the Kelvin temperature scale is absolute because it's the same as the Celsius scale, but you add 273 to the temperatures, so it will start from 0.

Absolute temperature is the number of degrees Kelvin above absolute zero. In the common Celsius scale, "zero" is defined as water's freezing point and 100 at water's boiling point and the scale was created from those 2 references, which are arbitrary, but standardized and useful. Absolute temperature scale uses the same amount of heat for a degree, but starts at absolute zero (0 degrees K), which is the coldest temperature possible in our universe. It is the complete absence of any heat. And yes, Kelvin can be converted to Celsius by subtracting 273.

absolute temperature of a substance is its temperature calculated in the kelvin scale[unit kelvin(K)]

the zero of the kelvin scale is called absolute zero of the substance. Temperature of a substance is nothing but the average change in kinetic energy of its molecules(which are in random collisions with each other). Now at 0 K all these molecules stop moving(ie., change in K.E is zero) which makes the temperature of the substance zero.

It is found that the absolute zero of a substance is at -273.3 degrees Centigrade
=> 0 K = -273.3 degrees centigrade
that is why if a temperature T is given in centigrade scale we convert it to kelvin by adding 273.3

T kelvin = T celcius + 273.3

1)Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic temperature is an "absolute" scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature: its null or zero point, absolute zero, is the temperature at which the particle constituents of matter have minimal motion and can become no colder.