I need to know the difference between these two topics please respond. :)
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The number of genes involved.
a) Segregation deals with the two alleles for a single gene.
b) Independent assortment deals with the two alleles for mutiple, or all, genes.
The laws (as formulated by Mendel) ignore linkage.
1. The law of segregation says that the two alleles of a given gene separate during meiosis, with each gamete receiving one copy, and a given gamete has a 50/50 chance of getting a particular allele.
So for an A gene, there are 2 alleles: let's call them A1 and A2. They can line up at the equator during meiosis in either of the following two ways:
a. A1:A2
b. A2:A1
There is a 50% chance that they will line up either way. Thus, when they separate, the left gamete has a 50/50 chance of the getting the A1 allele and a 50/50 chance of the getting the A2 allele.
2. The law of independent assortment says that the direction that a given allele pair segregates is independent of the way that other allele pairs segregate (Mendel's view: it did not take linked genes into consideration).
Assume there are 2 genes, A and B. There are 4 ways their 2 alleles could line up.
A1:A2
B1:B2
A1:A2
B2:B1
A2:A1
B1:B2
A2:A1
B2:B1
Now assume that the A alleles separate with A1 going to left gamete and A2 going to the right gamete. Does that mean that the B alleles will segregate that same way? No. The B alleles are independent of the A alleles and can segregate either way: the B1 allele could end up in either the left or the right gamete - knowing which way one allele pair segregates does not tell us how any other allele pair will segregate.
Here is an ANIMATION of independent assortment.
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/con…
a) Segregation deals with the two alleles for a single gene.
b) Independent assortment deals with the two alleles for mutiple, or all, genes.
The laws (as formulated by Mendel) ignore linkage.
1. The law of segregation says that the two alleles of a given gene separate during meiosis, with each gamete receiving one copy, and a given gamete has a 50/50 chance of getting a particular allele.
So for an A gene, there are 2 alleles: let's call them A1 and A2. They can line up at the equator during meiosis in either of the following two ways:
a. A1:A2
b. A2:A1
There is a 50% chance that they will line up either way. Thus, when they separate, the left gamete has a 50/50 chance of the getting the A1 allele and a 50/50 chance of the getting the A2 allele.
2. The law of independent assortment says that the direction that a given allele pair segregates is independent of the way that other allele pairs segregate (Mendel's view: it did not take linked genes into consideration).
Assume there are 2 genes, A and B. There are 4 ways their 2 alleles could line up.
A1:A2
B1:B2
A1:A2
B2:B1
A2:A1
B1:B2
A2:A1
B2:B1
Now assume that the A alleles separate with A1 going to left gamete and A2 going to the right gamete. Does that mean that the B alleles will segregate that same way? No. The B alleles are independent of the A alleles and can segregate either way: the B1 allele could end up in either the left or the right gamete - knowing which way one allele pair segregates does not tell us how any other allele pair will segregate.
Here is an ANIMATION of independent assortment.
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/con…