You roll two fair dice.
(1) What is the probability that the sum is 5, given that at least one of
the numbers rolled is even? ________
(2) What is the probability that at least one number is even, given
that the sum is 5? _________
(3) What is the probability that at least one number is even, given
that the sum is 4? _________
(1) What is the probability that the sum is 5, given that at least one of
the numbers rolled is even? ________
(2) What is the probability that at least one number is even, given
that the sum is 5? _________
(3) What is the probability that at least one number is even, given
that the sum is 4? _________
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1) We rule out all the "odd-odd' pairs:
1- {1,3,5}
3- {1,3,5}
5- {1-3-5}
total of 9 of the 36 possible rolls, leaving 27.
And of course all those sums are even, so none of them are 5.
The rolls which can be 5 are
1-4, 2-3, 3-2, 4-1
so P(5 | at least one even) = 4 / 27
2) You cannot roll 5 without an even number, so P(even | 5) = 1
3) 4 can be 1-3, 2-2, or 3-1, all equally likely
P(even | 4) = 1/3
1- {1,3,5}
3- {1,3,5}
5- {1-3-5}
total of 9 of the 36 possible rolls, leaving 27.
And of course all those sums are even, so none of them are 5.
The rolls which can be 5 are
1-4, 2-3, 3-2, 4-1
so P(5 | at least one even) = 4 / 27
2) You cannot roll 5 without an even number, so P(even | 5) = 1
3) 4 can be 1-3, 2-2, or 3-1, all equally likely
P(even | 4) = 1/3