Thanks in advance!
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Rutherford
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Probably no single person could be given credit.
The understanding of the atom has accumulated in little pieces over an extended period of time.
Dalton suggested that the behavior of matter could be explained by assuming it was made of tiny particles unique to each element.
JJ Thomson discovered the electron
Rutherford gets credit for the proton and the nucleus.
Work of Mosely and Rutherford led to Chadwick's discovery of the neutron.
Bohr suggested a way that electrons were organized around the nucleus.
Schrodinger and others applied probablilty concepts to more carefully describe the behavior of electrons.
The understanding of the atom has accumulated in little pieces over an extended period of time.
Dalton suggested that the behavior of matter could be explained by assuming it was made of tiny particles unique to each element.
JJ Thomson discovered the electron
Rutherford gets credit for the proton and the nucleus.
Work of Mosely and Rutherford led to Chadwick's discovery of the neutron.
Bohr suggested a way that electrons were organized around the nucleus.
Schrodinger and others applied probablilty concepts to more carefully describe the behavior of electrons.
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Many. They just kept on refining their definitions by what they discovered.
The first theoretical postulate was given by Democritus. Here is a summary of what he said.
The theory of Democritus and Leucippus held that everything is composed of "atoms", which are physically, but not geometrically, indivisible; that between atoms, there lies empty space; that atoms are indestructible; have always been, and always will be, in motion; that there are an infinite number of atoms, and kinds of atoms, which differ in shape, and size. Of the mass of atoms, Democritus said "The more any indivisible exceeds, the heavier it is." But his exact position on weight of atoms is disputed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democritus
Nothing much was done between him and Dalton which you can google for yourself. Dalton believe it or not said pretty much the same thing, although he had other postulates concerning the way atoms acted as an addition addendum.
Next came JJ Thompson who understood that there must be charges involved in the atom's structure. He refined man's understanding of the electron. He got as far as being able to figure out a ratio between charge and mass.
Rutherford came next with his gold foil experiment. He showed that the nucleus was a small part of the atom: that space makes up most of the volume of an atom.
Chadwick discovered the neutron.
You can check others here.
http://atomictimeline.net/index.php
The first theoretical postulate was given by Democritus. Here is a summary of what he said.
The theory of Democritus and Leucippus held that everything is composed of "atoms", which are physically, but not geometrically, indivisible; that between atoms, there lies empty space; that atoms are indestructible; have always been, and always will be, in motion; that there are an infinite number of atoms, and kinds of atoms, which differ in shape, and size. Of the mass of atoms, Democritus said "The more any indivisible exceeds, the heavier it is." But his exact position on weight of atoms is disputed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democritus
Nothing much was done between him and Dalton which you can google for yourself. Dalton believe it or not said pretty much the same thing, although he had other postulates concerning the way atoms acted as an addition addendum.
Next came JJ Thompson who understood that there must be charges involved in the atom's structure. He refined man's understanding of the electron. He got as far as being able to figure out a ratio between charge and mass.
Rutherford came next with his gold foil experiment. He showed that the nucleus was a small part of the atom: that space makes up most of the volume of an atom.
Chadwick discovered the neutron.
You can check others here.
http://atomictimeline.net/index.php