It seems this is done randomly, but when do you know to do it? What is like a clue or the rules that indicate you can/should take the natural log of both sides of an equation?
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You take the natural log of both sides when e is raised to a variable power. For example,
e^x = 10
ln(e^x) = ln10
x = ln10
e^x = 10
ln(e^x) = ln10
x = ln10
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you can also take the natural log of both sides when you have two different bases
5^x = 3^(2x - 5)
ln (5^x) = ln 3^(2x - 5) ==>
x ln 5 = (2x - 5) ln 3 = 2x ln 3 - 5 ln 3
5 ln 3 = 2x ln 3 - x ln 5 = x (2 ln 3 - ln 5)
x = 5 ln 3 / (2 ln 3 - ln 5)
5^x = 3^(2x - 5)
ln (5^x) = ln 3^(2x - 5) ==>
x ln 5 = (2x - 5) ln 3 = 2x ln 3 - 5 ln 3
5 ln 3 = 2x ln 3 - x ln 5 = x (2 ln 3 - ln 5)
x = 5 ln 3 / (2 ln 3 - ln 5)
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