Help me define some chemistry words please!

I have a huge homework assignment and I am clueless! Please, explain any of the terms you know!




Hydroxide molecule
5-aminophthalic acid
Electron
High-energy state
Ground state
Photon
Sodium hydroxide
Hydrogen peroxide
Chemical decomposition
Hemoglobin
Ion
Anion
Dianion
Excited state
Energy level
Oxidizer

Thank you!!!

Hydroxide molecule: There is no hydroxide molecule. There is a Hydroxide anion (HO^-1), and a hydroxyl radical (HO
with an unpaired electron, and no charge). The latter is only found in interstellar space.

5-aminophthalic acid is improperly named. Phthalic Acid is a benzene ring with two carboxylic acid groups (-CO2H) on
adjacent carbons. When adding an amino group (-NH2) to an atom next to one carboxylyc acid group, it would be
numbered 2-amino, with the other adjacent carbon being the number 5 position. Since both positions are identical,
the lower number is chosen. I fa carbon is skipped in between the carboxyltc acid group and the amino group, the
amino group is numbered 3-amino.

THIS IS A LOT OF INFO. 10 POINTS, IF YOU PLEASE.

Electron(s): The negative charged, small mass particle(s) occupying the orbitals surrounding the positive charged
nucleus of an atom. Electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of various elements.

Ground state: This is the lowest energy state of a molecule, whether it be rotational, vibrational, or conformational.

High-energy state: This is any state of higher energy than the ground state for a molecule. It could refer to rotational or
vibrational states of molecules that show up in Infra Red spectriosciopy, or it could refer to the contorted
conformation of a transitional state of a molecule undergoing a chemical reaction.

Photon: A packet of electromagnetic energy of any wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. The name came from