How are proteins formed from DNA
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How are proteins formed from DNA

[From: ] [author: ] [Date: 11-09-11] [Hit: ]
Translation: Initiation The mRNA molecule to be decoded binds to one subunit of the ribosome, then the other ribosomal subunit binds to both of those. In the process, a tRNA with the amino acid methionine attached docks in the ribosomes P site.Translation: Elongation The following cycle is repeated again and again, elongating the polypeptide by 1 amino acid per cycle.......


In eukaryotes, mRNA and tRNA, as well as the ribosomal subunits made using rRNA, must be exported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore complexes.



Translation: Initiation
The mRNA molecule to be decoded binds to one subunit of the ribosome, then the other ribosomal subunit binds to both of those. In the process, a tRNA with the amino acid methionine attached docks in the ribosome's P site.


Translation: Elongation
The following cycle is repeated again and again, elongating the polypeptide by 1 amino acid per cycle.

(1) a charged tRNA docks in the A site and the existing, growing polypeptide is transferred from the tRNA molecule in the P site to the new tRNA's amino acid.

(2) translocation: The ribosome moves 3 bases along the mRNA, moving the uncharged tRNA in the P site into the E (exit) site, the tRNA in the A site (with the polypeptide now attached) into the P site, and positioning a new codon into association with the now-empty A site.

(3) Back to step (1)


Translation: Termination
Eventually, translocation brings a stop codon into the position associated with the empty A site. A stop codon does not code for an amino acid, but for a release factor. The release factor binds and then frees the polypeptide and dissociates the ribosome.

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There's really no easy way to describe it in words, the first answer made it as simple as I could imagine, really. Try looking it up on YouTube or something. If you see how it happens you'll probably get it. :)

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DNA is kind of protein
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