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Hello. So I am only going to answer the ones that I am certain of.
1. All the following are true about the molecule kinown as DNA except that it
>>operates at ribosomes sites controlling protein synthesis
DNA NEVER exits the nucleus! The information contained within DNA is accessed through messenger RNA, which can exit the nucleus and make contact with a ribosome, on which protein synthesis occurs.
2.Where does transcription if mRNA and the translation of codes into the lanugage of the amino acids occur?
>>The transcription of mRNA occurs within the nucleus, and translation, or protein synthesis, occurs on ribosomes.
3.If a mistake is made, even in one nucleotide, what would you predict would occur in hemoglobin synthesis?
This example is best illustrated by sickle-cell disease, in which a mutation in the hemoglobin protein is detrimental. In this disease, the substitution of a single nucleotide results in the amino acid valine being incorporated into the polypeptide as opposed to the correct amino acid, glutamic acid. This mutation causes red blood cells to assume a sickle shape, clogging blood vessels and impeding blood flow. Hence, in this case, a mistake in a single nucleotide is detrimental.
4. The damage that has occured in xeoderma pigmentosun(xp) individuals is a
>>b. mutation of DNA in somatic cells, so you are correct on this one.
Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disorder. Autosomes refer to all chromosomes, exclusing the sex chromosomes. And, somatic cells refer to all cells, excluding the sex (or germ line) cells. Hence, because xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disorder, this indicates that it occurs in somatic cells rather than sex cells.
5. The mistake is repaired properly in normal indiviudlas by
>>b. DNA ploymerase and DNA ligase
The mutation that results in xeroderma pigmentosum is repaired by a process referred to as nuclear excision repair (NER). The mutated DNA sequence is first removed by restriction endonucleases. DNA polymerase then repairs (hence adds nucleotides) to this missing sequence. Finally, DNA ligase seals the repaired region.
I hope this helps!
1. All the following are true about the molecule kinown as DNA except that it
>>operates at ribosomes sites controlling protein synthesis
DNA NEVER exits the nucleus! The information contained within DNA is accessed through messenger RNA, which can exit the nucleus and make contact with a ribosome, on which protein synthesis occurs.
2.Where does transcription if mRNA and the translation of codes into the lanugage of the amino acids occur?
>>The transcription of mRNA occurs within the nucleus, and translation, or protein synthesis, occurs on ribosomes.
3.If a mistake is made, even in one nucleotide, what would you predict would occur in hemoglobin synthesis?
This example is best illustrated by sickle-cell disease, in which a mutation in the hemoglobin protein is detrimental. In this disease, the substitution of a single nucleotide results in the amino acid valine being incorporated into the polypeptide as opposed to the correct amino acid, glutamic acid. This mutation causes red blood cells to assume a sickle shape, clogging blood vessels and impeding blood flow. Hence, in this case, a mistake in a single nucleotide is detrimental.
4. The damage that has occured in xeoderma pigmentosun(xp) individuals is a
>>b. mutation of DNA in somatic cells, so you are correct on this one.
Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disorder. Autosomes refer to all chromosomes, exclusing the sex chromosomes. And, somatic cells refer to all cells, excluding the sex (or germ line) cells. Hence, because xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disorder, this indicates that it occurs in somatic cells rather than sex cells.
5. The mistake is repaired properly in normal indiviudlas by
>>b. DNA ploymerase and DNA ligase
The mutation that results in xeroderma pigmentosum is repaired by a process referred to as nuclear excision repair (NER). The mutated DNA sequence is first removed by restriction endonucleases. DNA polymerase then repairs (hence adds nucleotides) to this missing sequence. Finally, DNA ligase seals the repaired region.
I hope this helps!