I have a 10th grade Chemistry exam coming up and I just need
(1) a brief overview of how knowing the charges of each column can help you figure out the ionic charge of an element (example NaCl)
(2) How is it organized (Metals, nonmetals)
(3) any other useful tips or websites
Thank you so much in advance!
(1) a brief overview of how knowing the charges of each column can help you figure out the ionic charge of an element (example NaCl)
(2) How is it organized (Metals, nonmetals)
(3) any other useful tips or websites
Thank you so much in advance!
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in each column of the periodic table there is a number. these are called group numbers and they tell you how many electrons are in the outer shell of that atom. For example in group 17 (F,Cl,Br, etc.) all of them have 7 electrons in their outer shell. the short cut is to subtract the group number by 10 BUT this only works for groups 13 to 18 because groups 1 & 2 obviously only have one or two electrons in the outer shell. Im assuming you wont be worried about the transition metals (Groups 3-12) as most of them don't ionically bond. Ionic bonds only occur between metals and non metals ( mostly between groups 1&2 which bond with 13-17) Groups 1&2 are alkali and alkaline earth metals. Group 18 are nobel gases Group 17 are halogens. H, C,S,N,O,Se, P are all called non-metals. B, Si Ge As, kind of make a staircase thing which are your metalloids.
Your Example of sodium Chloride (Na Cl)= you know from looking at the table that sodium has 1 electron in its outer shell whilst Chlorine has 7. now the idea is that all atoms want a full wholesome outer shell. which in this case consists of 8 electrons. So the two atoms need a way of achieving this and they decide to put aside their differences and act like gentleman. The Chlorine atom needs one more electron to satisfy its outer shell which would be 8, The Sodium atom has one extra electron and therefore needs to get rid of it so its inner shell can become the full shell it was looking for. Now remember that electrons are negatively charged particles so , chlorine gets upo the courage to ask the lovely Sodium for its extra electron and if it may take its hand in marriage, the sodium atom accepts and gives it up. Therefore the sodium becomes a positive charge now that it has one less negatively charged particle to counter the protons, and the Chlorine is a negative due to its extra negative particle.
Your Example of sodium Chloride (Na Cl)= you know from looking at the table that sodium has 1 electron in its outer shell whilst Chlorine has 7. now the idea is that all atoms want a full wholesome outer shell. which in this case consists of 8 electrons. So the two atoms need a way of achieving this and they decide to put aside their differences and act like gentleman. The Chlorine atom needs one more electron to satisfy its outer shell which would be 8, The Sodium atom has one extra electron and therefore needs to get rid of it so its inner shell can become the full shell it was looking for. Now remember that electrons are negatively charged particles so , chlorine gets upo the courage to ask the lovely Sodium for its extra electron and if it may take its hand in marriage, the sodium atom accepts and gives it up. Therefore the sodium becomes a positive charge now that it has one less negatively charged particle to counter the protons, and the Chlorine is a negative due to its extra negative particle.
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cds