Automobiles need antifreeze in the winter to prevent water from freezing in the radiator. How many grams of antifreeze, ethylene glycol, C2H4(OH)2, are needed for every 250. grams of water to maintain a freezing temperature of -25.00 degrees
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dTfp = Kf x m x i
where...
dTfp = change in fp = fp pure solvent - fp solution = 32.0°F - -25.00°F = 57°F... if you mean -25.00°F.. if you mean -25.00°C then 0 - -25.00°C = +25.00°C.. I can't tell since you didn't include units
Kf = cryscopic constant for the solvent = 1.86°C/m for H2O
m = molality = moles solute / kg solvent
i = van't hoff factor = # ions 1 formula unit of the solute dissociates into in solution
examples of i
1 NaCl --> 1 Na+ + 1 Cl-... 1unit --> 2 ions.. i=2
1 MgCl2 --> 1 Mg+2 + 2 Cl-.. 3 ions.. i=3
if the solute doesn't dissociate, 1 unit --> 1 unit.. i=1
*******
in this case.. ethylene glycol doesn't dissociate so i=1
so..
use dT = Kf x m x i to solve for m.. that will give you moles solute / kg solvent
then..
250.g H2O x (1kg / 1000g) x (__ moles solute / kg H2O) x (__g glycol / mole glycol) = __g glycol
*********
you get to finish
**********
for boiling point...
dTbp = Kb x m x i
dTbp = change in bp = bp solution - bp pure solvent.... <--- notice this is reversed?
Kb = ebullioscopic constant for the solvent = 0.512°C / m for water
m = molality
i = van't hoff factor again
where...
dTfp = change in fp = fp pure solvent - fp solution = 32.0°F - -25.00°F = 57°F... if you mean -25.00°F.. if you mean -25.00°C then 0 - -25.00°C = +25.00°C.. I can't tell since you didn't include units
Kf = cryscopic constant for the solvent = 1.86°C/m for H2O
m = molality = moles solute / kg solvent
i = van't hoff factor = # ions 1 formula unit of the solute dissociates into in solution
examples of i
1 NaCl --> 1 Na+ + 1 Cl-... 1unit --> 2 ions.. i=2
1 MgCl2 --> 1 Mg+2 + 2 Cl-.. 3 ions.. i=3
if the solute doesn't dissociate, 1 unit --> 1 unit.. i=1
*******
in this case.. ethylene glycol doesn't dissociate so i=1
so..
use dT = Kf x m x i to solve for m.. that will give you moles solute / kg solvent
then..
250.g H2O x (1kg / 1000g) x (__ moles solute / kg H2O) x (__g glycol / mole glycol) = __g glycol
*********
you get to finish
**********
for boiling point...
dTbp = Kb x m x i
dTbp = change in bp = bp solution - bp pure solvent.... <--- notice this is reversed?
Kb = ebullioscopic constant for the solvent = 0.512°C / m for water
m = molality
i = van't hoff factor again
-
dTfp = Kf x m x i
m = dTfp / (m x i) = (0°C - -25.00°C) / (1.86°C/m x 1) = 13.44m = 13.44 moles glycol / kg H2O
then..
250.g H2O x (1kg / 1000g) x (13.44 moles solute / kg H2O) x (62.07g glycol / mole glycol) = 208g glycol
m = dTfp / (m x i) = (0°C - -25.00°C) / (1.86°C/m x 1) = 13.44m = 13.44 moles glycol / kg H2O
then..
250.g H2O x (1kg / 1000g) x (13.44 moles solute / kg H2O) x (62.07g glycol / mole glycol) = 208g glycol
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